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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common cause of liver dysfunction and death due to liver-related diseases, which brings great harm to human health and social development. Many factors are involved in the development and progression of ALD, such as oxidative stress, change in gut microbiota, genetic variation, autophagy inhibition, and microRNAs. This article summarizes the mechanism of action of these factors in ALD, in order to provide a basis for the treatment of ALD and the discovery of new drug targets.
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OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the contributions of levator ani muscle (LAM) injury, vesical neck movement, urethral length and mobility, and urethral sphincter dysfunction observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) towards stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after vaginal delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty primiparous women after 6 months of delivery (15 with SUI and 35 without) and 35 nulliparous as continent controls underwent MRI at rest and Valsalva maneuver. A published levator ani scoring system was used to characterize morphological changes of LAM. The severity of the injury was divided into three categories as none, minor, and major. A series of common parameters including levator plate angle, iliococcygeal angle, and levator hiatus were used to describe the functional conditions of LAM. Urethral mobility was defined based on the rotation of the urethra between Valsalva and rest status. Vesical neck movement was evaluated by its distance to the pubococcygeal line. Urethral sphincter dysfunction was defined as the widening of the proximal urethra and/or funneling at the urethrovesical junction during Valsalva. RESULTS: Primiparous incontinent (PI) women had additional major levator ani defects (33.3% vs. 17.1%) while less minor defects (0.7% vs. 31.4%) than primiparous continent (PC) women. Vesical neck downward movement in PI women was more obvious than PC women (28.5 mm vs. 24.2 mm, p = 0.006). Urethral mobility was more active in primiparous women than in nulliparous continent controls (57.4 vs. 52.4), whereas no difference was observed on urethral mobility in the primiparous group (p = 0.25). Urethral sphincter dysfunction and funneling were present in 80% of PI women versus 22.9% in PC women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The MRI findings revealed that de novo SUI was associated with major LAM injury, vesical neck downward movement as well as urethral sphincter dysfunction. Vesical neck funneling on sagittal images can be treated as a valuable predictor for SUI. The intervention for the PI should focus on the elevation of vesical neck, rehabilitation of LAM as well as recovery of the urethral sphincter muscle.
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Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neck , Pelvic Floor Disorders , Pelvic Floor , Rehabilitation , Urethra , Urinary Incontinence , Valsalva ManeuverABSTRACT
Objective@#To discuss the taxonomy and molecular characteristics of one virus strain (SZC30) isolated from Culicoides in Yunnan.@*Methods@#Culicoides were collected with light trap method in the Wulong Village of Shizong County of Yunnan Province in July, 2013. BHK-21 and C6/36 cells were used for virus isolation. The positive isolates were inoculated into brain of one-day suckling mice. Alphavirus and Getah virus specific primers were used to amplify the genome of the virus isolation by RT-PCR. The products of RT-PCR were sequenced. Clustal X1.83, DNAStar, Mega5.1 were used for bioinformatics analysis.@*Results@#Totally 3 500 culicoides were collected and divided into 41 batches for virus isolation. One isolate (SZC30) produced cytopathic effect (CPE) on BHK-21 and C6/36 cells; the result of RT-PCR with Alphavirus and Getah virus NS1 specific primer were positive; the sequence analysis of NS1 gene suggested that SZC30 and two Getah virus strains (YN0540, SC1210) from China were in the same evolutionary branching, the nucleotide homology were 97%-100%, and the amino acid was 97%-100%.@*Conclusions@#SZC30 isolated in Yunnan province was identified as Getah virus.
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Objective To learn current status and influentcing factors of post competency among preventive medicine graduates from a medical university,in order to provide evidence for the improvement of post competency preventive medicine graduates.Methods We adopted stratified sampling strategy,chose 1 provincial,1 municipal and 2 county level CDCs,used self-developed questionnaires to survey preventive medicine graduates from a specific medical university.Clustering analysis,correlation analysis,Logistic regression and rank-sum test were applied to analyze data.Results Among all respondents,26 (40.63％) reported that they were totally competent on their posts,the rest 38 (59.37％) reported ordinary post competency.We found 7 factors that were significantly associated with post competency:fondness of the job,whether proactive on the job,whether responsible to the job,et al.Conclusion Post competency of preventive medicine graduates from this particular medical university exceeded preventive medicine graduates from Xinjiang Medical University.However,there still exists some problems for improvement.We recommend that universities and working units should improve post competency of preventive medicine students based on those influential factors we identified.
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Objective To learn dietary and nutritional status of the toxic diffuse goiter (GD) patients in Yunnan region,to investigate dietary nutrition intake levels of GD patients.Methods By using food frequency method and self-programmed food frequency table,GD patients' dietary nutrition was investigated.We calculated GD patients' intake of all kinds of food and a variety of nutrients per capita per day,and compared them with the suggested values in Chinese residents balanced diet pagoda and dietary nutrients reference intakes (RNIs);measured the patients' body weight,height and calculating body mass index in the field.Results (1) Dietary structure:GD patients' food intake kinds were various in Yunnan region,the intakes of cereals,tuber crops,meat,poultry,oils and fats and nuts were high;the intakes of vegetables,homonemeae,fruits,eggs,fish and shrimp,milk and milk products were low.(2) Energy and nutrient intake:the energy contribution from fats exceeded the recommended value,the energy contribution from carbohydrates was lower than the recommended value,the intakes of dietary fiber,vitamin A,thiamine,riboflavin,calcium and sodium were low,the intakes of vitamin E,phosphorus and iron were high.(3) Physical examination:GD patients' marasmus rate,overweight rate and obesity rate were 25.2％,7.0％ and 1.7％,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between males and females (P＞0.05) Conclusion GD patients' food intake kinds are various in Yunnan region,but the dietary structure is unreasonable.
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Objectives To investigate the ability of T1 mapping and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) parameters for evaluating renal allografts at the early stage after renal transplantation. Methods This prospective study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Sixty two recipients 2 to 4 weeks after kidney transplantation and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) underwent routine MRI, T1 mapping, and IVIM imaging (11 b values, 0 to 700 s/mm2). Recipients were divided into two groups base on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR):37 recipients with good allograft function (eGFR≥60 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2) and 25 recipients with impaired allograft function (eGFR<60 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2). The ADC, true diffusion coefficient (ADCslow), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (ADCfast), perfusion fraction (f) and T1 values were measured on both cortex and medulla. Differences among groups were compared using the one-way analysis of variance. Correlations between eGFR and the parameters in renal allografts were assessed by using Pearson correlation analysis. ROC was performed to assess the diagnostic utilities of using these parameters to discriminate allografts with impaired function from good function. Results Excepting for cortical T1, ADCfast and medullary T1, f values, allografts with good function showed no differences in other parameters compared with healthy control. Excepting for medullary T1 and ADCfast,the other values showed significantly differences in allografts with impaired function compared to allografts with good function (all P<0.05). Excepting for medullary f and ADCfast values, allografts with impaired function showed significantly differences in the parameters compared with good function group(all P<0.05). In renal allografts, excepting for medullary T1, ADCfast, and f values, cortical T1 exhibited a negative correlation with renal function, and there was a significant positive correlation between eGFR and other parameters. Cortical T1 value showed high sensitivity(91.9%) to discriminate renal allografts with different function, with the threshold of 17.36 × 102 ms, and ADC value showed high specificity(96.0%)with the threshold of 1.98 × 10-3 mm2/s. Conclusion T1 mapping and IVIM technique may be useful for detecting renal allograft dysfunction, and be a reliable imaging for evaluating and monitoring allograft function.
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Objective To assess the value of arterial spin labeling(ASL) MRI in the staging of early renal allograft function. Methods Sixty two renal allograft recipients (2 to 4 weeks after kidney transplantation) and 20 age match volunteers were included in this study. All subjects underwent conventional MRI and ASL MRI which was performed in the oblique-sagittal plane. Recipients were divided into two groups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), recipients with good allograft function (eGFR≥60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2,n=37) and recipients with impaired allograft function (eGFR<60 ml · min - 1 · 1.73 m - 2,n=25). Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured and an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to confirm the reproducibility of the measured results from two doctors. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni were used to compare the different cortical RBF among three groups. Correlation of RBF with eGFR was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of using cortical RBF to discriminate allografts with impaired function from good function. Results RBF values showed good reproducibility between doctors with an ICC larger than 0.90 in different group. Mean cortical RBF were (390 ± 61),(290 ± 69),(201 ± 86) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 for healthy controls, recipients with good and impaired allograft function, respectively(F=37.313,P<0.01). RBF exhibited a significant correlation with renal function as determined by eGFR for recipients (r=0.60,P<0.01). Mean cortical RBF showed a high area under the ROC curve (0.773) to discriminate renal allografts with different function, with a sensitivity of 56.0% (14/25) and a specificity of 89.2% (33/37). Conclusion ASL MRI can assess the early renal allografts perfusion, and provide valuable information in the staging of renal function. It could be a useful method for evaluating renal function noninvasively.
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and indexes of the ROI which had significant difference between the groups. Results In the white matter regions, MD, D∥and D⊥in many regions of AD group were increased significantly than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. MD and D ⊥ showed more abnormalities, including the SCC, PCB, and FWM. Meanwhile, MK, K∥and K⊥in many regions of AD were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant. K ⊥ showed more abnormalities, including the SCC, FWM and TWM. In the gray matter regions, MD, D∥and D⊥of hippocampal of the AD group were all increased than the control group. However, it showed that MK and K⊥of the thalamus in AD group were 0.99 ± 0.10, 1.00 ± 0.11, respectively, and both increased than the control group (the value of MK and K⊥were 0.90±0.06, 0.90±0.07, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t values was 3.31, 3.57 respectively, and both P values were<0.01). The indexes of different ROI had correlations with the MMSE scores. There were more regions in kurtosis indexes correlated with the MMSE scores than the diffusion indexes. The strongest correlation among the analyses was MK of the SCC (r=0.73, P<0.05). Conclusions This study based on DKI found the complex alterations aroused by microstructural changes were not only in the white matter but also the gray matter of the AD patients, especially the increased kurtosis of the thalamus, and this suggested that the microstructural complexity of it was increased. Moreover, it also suggested that indexes of DKI had varied sensitivity in detecting different diffusion alterations.
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Objective To investigate whether resting state-fMRI (RS-fMRI) based on local consistency (ReHo), am?plitude low-frequency fluctuate (ALFF) and fALFF can add meaningful information on preoperative localization of epilepto?genic zone in patients with malformations of cortical development (MCD). Methods Ten epilepsy patients with MCD were studied with RS-fMRI using a 3.0 T scanner. The resting state data were preprocessed and analyzed using SPM8 and REST to generate the activation map. Abnormal ReHo, ALFF and fALFF related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes were compared to video EEG (VEEG),PET,MRI findings and the final result of a comprehensive evaluation-de?fined epileptogenic zone. For operated patients, postoperative resection and histology were compared to BOLD responses. Re?sults The results of spike localization of RS-fMRI were consistent with VEEG, PET, MRI findings and final comprehensive evaluation-defined epileptogenic zone in 6, 8, 6, 7 of 10 investigations. Six operated patients (including two negative results of MRI examination) revealed local abnormal changes but not visible on structural MRI, which was confirmed cortical malfor?mations by pathology after operation (2 heterotopia and 4 cortical dysplasia). Conclusion RS-fMRI may help to delineate the epileptic focus in epilepsy patients with MCD.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the clinical and pathological characteristics in acute complicated appendicitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective clinical analysis was made on 742 cases of acute appendicitis from January 2003 to December 2012. All cases underwent appendectomy. Patients were allocated to the acute complicated appendicitis (ACA) group and the acute uncomplicated appendicitis group based on pathological reports. The χ² test was used to check for differences between proportions. Multivariate analysis was made through the Logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 742 patients, 533 were allocated to the ACA group, including acute suppurative appendicitis 306 patients, acute gangrenous appendicitis 100 patients, appendicitis with perforation 59 patients, appendicitis with abscess formation 6 patients and appendicitis with tumor 5 patients. Statistical result shows that the patients of ACA group usually had higher total WBC count, local or diffuse muscle guarding, intraluminal stercolith or periappendiceal fluid. Logistic regression also indicated that ACA were mathematically related to high level white blood cell count (>20 × 10⁹/L, OR = 2.717, 95%CI: 1.834-4.027, P < 0.05), local or diffuse muscle guarding (OR = 1.649, 95%CI: 1.047-2.597, P < 0.05), intraluminal stercolith (OR = 2.939, 95%CI: 1.607-5.377, P < 0.05) and periappendiceal fluid (OR = 3.273, 95%CI: 1.424-7.525, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients with high level WBC count, local or diffuse muscle guarding, intraluminal stercolith or periappendiceal fluid are likely suffering from acute complicated appendicitis. Appendectomy must be considered as first-line therapy other than conservative antibiotic therapy under these situations.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acute Disease , Appendectomy , Appendicitis , Diagnosis , Pathology , General Surgery , Logistic Models , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the present situation of intelligence of boarding school-age children of the Va nationality.Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 650 boarding school-age children from 10 primary schools in ShuangJiang county, and their level of intelligence was estimated by Raven's STANDARD progressive Matrices (SPM) .Results The level of intelligence of boarding school-age children of the Va nationality was significantly lower than the norm ( 0.05) .Conclusions The present situation of intelligence of boarding school-age children of the Va nationality is serious and should be improved as quickly as possible.
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Objective To evaluate the applications of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) after fat meal in the preoperative evaluation of biliary anatomy of living liver donors.Methods Fifty cases of the preoperative donors for living liver transplantation were included and all had the corresponding intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) information. The MRCP of the donors for living liver transplantation was performed before and after fat meal (two fried eggs). The visualization and diameter of the secondary bile duct were analyzed before and after the fat meal. The results of the biliary branching pattern by MRCP after fat meal were compared with the corresponding IOC results. The accuracy, sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRCP after the fat meal in distinguishing normal and any type of variant biliary anatomy were calculated. Results In all cases,82% of the 50 cases in MRCP before the fat meal could meet the diagnosis needs of the preoperative evaluation,and 100% of the 50 cases in MRCP after the fat meal could meet the diagnosis needs. There was significant difference in the demonstration quality and diameter of the secondary bile duct in MRCP before and after the fat meal (P＜0. 05). MRCP showed accurate anatomy of the biliary system, using IOC as the reference standard, in 49(98%) subjects. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRC in distinguishing normal and any type of variant biliary anatomy were 98%,94. 7%, 100%, 10% and 96. 9%,respectively. Conclusion The MRCP after fat meal can clearly demonstrate the secondary bile duct and perfectly meet the needs of the preoperative evaluation of the living liver transplantation. The MRCP after fat meal and routine MRCP should be considered complementary to one another in order to avoid complications in living liver transplantation donors.
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Objective To investigate the serum levels and dietary intakes of copper, iron, and zinc among adult residents in Dahongshan copper mine area of Yunnan Province in China. Methods Serum levels of copper, iron, and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry among 180 subjects collected randomly from Dahongshan mine area, among which 171 samples were valid. Dietary intakes of copper, iron, and zinc of 60adults collected randomly from these 180 subjects were detected by chemical analysis. Results Serum levels of copper, iron, and zinc concentrations of 171 valid samples were (0.90±0.18), (1.25±0.93) , and (0.75±0. 28) mg/L, respectively. Serum copper was negatively correlated with serum iron (r = - 0. 26, P ＜ 0. 001). Serum copper was positively correlated with age (r = 0. 25, P ＜ 0. 001). Females had significantly higher serum copper than males (P=0.011). The dietary intakes of copper, iron, and zinc among these 60 subjects were (1.74±1.09),(16.29±10.73), and (7.56±3.38) mg/d, respectively, in which females had significantly lower dietary intakes than nales (all P ＜ 0. 05). Significant regional differences were observed both in serum levels and dietary intakes of copper, iron, and zinc. Conclusions The average serum levels of copper and iron are normal among adult residents in Dahongshan copper mine area, while the average serum zinc level is low. Dietary intakes of these three minerals do not exceed tolerable upper intake levels, and are low in some subjects.
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Objective To determine the volume reduction of the primary olfactory cortex (POC) in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and investigate the potential relationship of functional olfactory activation and anatomical atrophy changes. Methods Twelve patients with AD, eight patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and twenty normal controls (NC) underwent standardized UPSIT (University of Pennsylvania smell identification test) behavior smell test and neuropsychological tests. Then all of the subjects underwent the high resolution MRI and an olfactory fMRI scan on a 3T system. Volumetric measurement of the POC was conducted and the areas were also saved as a ROI which would be used during the processing of fMRI data to get the activation voxels in local region. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test was used to examine the significance of POC volume and activation in three groups, If P-value was less than 0.05,Bonferroni method was used for multiple comparisons. The correlation between the anatomical volume and functional activation was analyzed with partial correlation adjusted for age. Results The POC volume of NC, MCI and AD groups were 3024--4734, 1409--4553 and 1561--3759 mm~3, and the medians were 3749, 2752 and 2156 mm~3. The activation voxels of each group were 0--2360, 0--2160 and 0--100 mm~3, while the medians were 430, 40 and 0 mm~3. There were significant differences of both POC volume atrophy and activation between the three groups, with a trend of reduction from NC to MCI to AD group (H is 14.942 and 16.587, both P<0.05). The volume of olfactory activation at POC was highly correlated with the volume of POC (r=0.364, P=0.023). Conclusions In this study, we explored the morphological and functional changes in the POC. It is revealed that POC suffers prominent local atrophy and dysfunction as well as hippocampus in AD. These results can provide neuropathological and neurofunctional bases for olfactory deficit in Alzheimer Disease.
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Objective To quantitatively evaluate the metabolic changes in posterior cingulated cortex and left basal ganglia in patients with liver cirrhosis before and after liver Transplantation (LT).Methods A total of 22 controls and 37 cirrhotic patients listed for LT were enrolled in the study. Brain MRS (PRESS sequence) and neuropsychological (NP) tests were performed in all subjects. Eighteen patients were followed up at 1 month and 3 month after LT. The NP parameters including number connection test-A ( NCT-A), digital symbol test (DST) and symbol digital test (SDT) were measured. MRS metabolic contents were measured automatically at posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and left basal ganglia (LBG).Independent t-test was used to compare the parameters of NP test and MRS metabolites between the 2 groups. The changes of the parameters before and after LT were compared using analysis of variance.Pearson correlation test was also used to analysis the relationship between NP test parameters and MRS metabolites. Results ( 1 ) Before LT, significant difference of metabolites was found in the PCC between the two groups [ NAA/Cr(1.96 ±0.21, 1.73 ±0. 12), Cho/Cr(0. 65 ±0. 12,0. 83 ±0.09), mI/Cr (0.41 ±0.14,0.72±0.11), Glx/Cr(2. 37 ±0. 38,1. 92 ±0. 32) (t= -5.42,5.96,8.62,-4.72,P＜0.01)].And statistical significance also were found in LBG between the 2 groups [ Cho/Cr (0. 63 ± 0. 16,0. 77 ±0. 10), mI/Cr(0.38 ±0. 17,0.53 ±0.21), GIx/Cr(1.70 ±0.36,1.29 ±0.30), (t =3.64,3.07,-4.58 ,P ＜ 0. 01 )]. (2)Compared with controls, the patients before LT had longer NCT-A reaction time [ (58. 17 ±19. 12) s,(37.68 ±8.02) s,t =4. 14,P＜0.01], lower scores of DST (36.67 ±9.91,55.36 ±9.27,t = 4.60,P＜0.01) and SDT (31.67 ±9.49,50.73 ±8.34,t = 4.652,P＜0.01) before LT. All the scores of NP tests changed significantly at 1 and 3 month after LT compared with those before LT[ NCT-A (53.06±12.71) s,(35.72 ±5.20) s,F =33.554,P ＜0.01 ], DST(41.89 ±8. 17,54.39 ±5.69,F =85.772,P＜0.01),SDT(37.44±7.68,49.39±5.65,F=83.061,P＜0.01)]. (3) In the 18 patients who were followed, Cho/Cr [ PCC (0. 90 ± 0. 14,0. 92 ± 0. 08, F = 38. 178, P ＜ 0. 01 ); LBG (0. 81 ± 0. 08,0. 80 ±0.09,F =9.447,P ＜0.01)] and Glx/Cr [ PCC(1.86 ±0.32,1.75 ±0.25,F = 19.420, P ＜0. 01 ); LBG( 1.30 ±0. 20,1.23 ±0. 25 ,F = 17. 952,P ＜0. 01 ) ] recovered at 1 month after LT, while the mI/Cr [PCC (0.39±0.15,0.71 ±0. 10,F =75. 186,P＜0.01) ;LBG (0.47 ±0.25,0.61 ±0.27,F =8. 027, P ＜ 0. 01 ) ] recovered at 3 month after LT. (4)mI/Cr of cingulate cortex correlated significantly with NCT-A, DST and SDT (r= -0.743, 0.597, 0.615, P＜0.01 ) before LT. Conclusion Cerebral metabolic changes in patients with liver cirrhosis is reversible and MRS of the posterior cingulate cortex is a helpful method in following up the changes after LT. mI/Cr is a useful indicator to predict the brain changes of cirrhotic patients before and after LT.
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Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C of 3 kinds of pollen from Yunnan were studied by fluorescence spectrophotometer．The sample we re Pinusthunbergii, Fagopyrum esculentum and Brassica compestris． The results s howed that the content of Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, of pollen were rich． Th e content of Vitaimin Bl of Fagopyrum esculentum was the highest(0.39?mg/l00 g), and the Vitamin B2, of Brassica compestris was the richest(0.70?mg/l00 ?g)． It was worth to utilize．
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Objective To study the application of SLINKY technique in MRA of head and neck by comparison of four TOF MRA methods. Methods We obtained images on 21 patients and 5 volunteers with SLINKY on all the 26 cases, MOTSA on 18 cases, single volume on 16 cases, and 2D on 12 cases. Three experienced radiologists evaluated the images, unknowing which method the images were. The evaluations included clearness of vessel branches, smoothness of vascular wall, and vascular continuity. Signal-to-noise (SNR), contrast-to-noise (C/Ns), and scan time were measured. Results SLINKY displayed vessel branches better and had better smoothness of vascular wall and vascular continuity than the other three methods(P
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Objective To explore resting state network in patients with hepatic cirrhosis using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods 14 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and 14 healthy volunteers were included in this study.Modified Stroop task in Chinese character was used as target stimulus,block-design fMRI was used to acquire resource data.Group analysis(control epoch minus task epoch) was performed for both tasks in both groups.Results Comparing with controls,the patients with hepatic cirrhosis had abnormal deactivation mode.The absence of posterior cingulate cortex(PCC) and precuneus was present when performing incongruous word-reading task,deactivation of PCC,precuneus,and ventral medial prefrontal cortex were increased when performing incongruous color-naming task.Conclusion Cirrhosis patients have abnormal deactivation mode,the absence of PCC and precuneus is a sensitive not specific biomarker in detecting the brain changes of the patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
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Objective To study the best parameters of low dose MSCT in examining the pharyngeal disease.Methods 20 volunteers were scanned by MSCT using 10 mm collimation,10 mm interval,120 kV,200 mA,100 mA,50 mA,25 mA parameters,respectively.All of the data was reformed(collimation 2.5 mm,interval 1.3 mm) on ADW 4.0 workstation.The image quality in different dose were scored respectively by 4 experienced radiolagists. Results The best appropriate parameter was 10 mm collimation,10 mm interval,120 kV,50 mA.Conclusion In examining the pharyngeal disease,the application of low dose(120 kV,50 mA) scan mode not only can assure the image quality but can decrease the exposure to patients.
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Objective To perform Low dose dynamic MSCT( multi-slice CT) in sleeping obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( OSAS) patients correcting the imprecise measure values in waking state, and to exactly analyse the location and extension of the dynamic changes about the condition. Methods Sixteen OSAS patients were scanned both in waking and naturally sleeping period ( end phase of inspiration and expiration). Measured at the narrowest part of the retropalatal ( RP) and retroglossal ( RG) and 5 mm under the tip of epiglottis at the epiglottal ( EPG) at the end period of inspiration in sleeping, respectively, and compared the accurate pos(?)on of the narrowest or occlusive level in 3 phases. All patients were also scanned using cine mode at the narrowest level at the end period of inspiration in sleeping to show the pharyngeal cavity changes during sleep. Results The smallest XSA of RP region (Mw = 47. 50 mm2 ,Me =73. 00 mm2 , Mi =2. 00 mm2 ;Zwe =2. 897,Pwe =0. 003 ;Zwi =4. 192,Pwi